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       Molluscs 
      Snails 
        | Clams and Mussels | Amphineura 
        | Tusk Shells 
       The 
        Mollusca are an ancient group, arising over half a billion years ago and 
        dominated the oceans before the coming of fish. They soon diversified 
        and now include some of the best-known invertebrates: clams, snails, slugs, 
        squids and octopi are all molluscs.  
       Their diversification has 
        led to an extremely varied set of body plans and lifestyles, from completely 
        armoured and virtually immobile filter-feeding clams to jetting carnivorous 
        squids. Molluscs originally had shells, but many groups have now severely 
        reduced or lost them, usually as they became more mobile. They are the 
        largest, fastest, and smartest invertebrates. 
        One hundred and ten thousand 
        species of molluscs exist today in seven classes: Cephalopoda (octopi, 
        squids, nautilus and cuttlefish), Bivalvia (clams and mussels), Gastropoda 
        (snails and slugs), Polyplacophora (chitons), Aplacophora, Monoplacophora, 
        and Scaphopoda (tusk shells). Canada has 1 500 species, mostly gastropods 
        and bivalves. 
          
      Snails 
        (class Gastropoda) 
        Order 
        Mesogastropoda 
       
         Brown 
          Mystery Snail Campeloma decisum 
           Ribbed 
          Valve Snail Valvata sincera sincera 
           Northern 
          Valve Snail Valvata sincera helicoidea 
           Loosely-Coiled 
          Valve Snail Valvata sincera ontariensis 
           Ordinary 
          Spire Snail Amnicola limosa 
           Riverbank 
          Looping Snail Pomatiopsis lapidaria 
           Great 
          Lakes Horn-Snail Goniobasis livescens 
           Lacuna 
          glacialis 
            Cingula 
          castanea 
            Trichotropis 
          borealis  
           Velutina 
          undata 
       
      Order Basommatophora 
      
          Muskeg 
          Stagnicola Stagnicola arctica 
           Eastern 
          Physa Physa heterostropha 
           Umbilicate 
          Promenetus Promenetus umbilicatellus 
           Oval 
          Lake-Limpet Ferrissia fragilis 
       
      Order Archaeogastropoda 
       
         Puncturella 
          noachina 
            Lepeta 
          caeca  
           Margarites 
          costalis  
       
      Order Neogastropoda 
       
         Volutopsius 
          deformis  
           Admete 
          couthouyi  
           Thesbia 
          nana  
          
       
      Clams 
        and Mussels (class Pelecypoda) 
        Order 
        Eulamellibranchia 
       
         Western-River 
          Pearl Mussel Margaritifera falcata 
           Pig-Toe 
          Fusconaia flava 
           Western 
          Floater Anodonta kennerlyi 
           Black 
          Sand-Shell Ligumia recta 
           Eastern 
          Elliptio Elliptio complanata 
           Olive 
          Hickory-Nut Obovaria olivaria 
           Arctic-Alpine 
          Fingernail Clam Sphaerium nitidum 
           Herrington's 
          Fingernail Clam Sphaerium occidentale 
           Globular 
          Pea Clam Pisidium ventricosum 
           Tiny 
          Pea Clam Pisidium insigne  
          
       
       Class 
        Amphineura 
       Order Neoloricata 
       
         Tonicella 
          marmorea 
           Lophyrochiton 
          albus 
          
       
       
        Tusk Shells (class 
        Scaphopoda) 
       Order Gadilida 
       
         Siphonodentalium 
          lobatum 
       
        
        
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